Rotatable connection between an intervention member and a manipulation member of an endovascular device

ABSTRACT

A medical device, configured to perform an endovascular therapy, e.g., thrombectomy, can comprise an elongate manipulation member having a first connection member proximate a distal end of the elongate manipulation member, and an intervention member having a second connection member proximate a proximal end of the intervention member. The second connection member can be connected to the first connection member such that the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member.

BACKGROUND

Blood vessels can become occluded by emboli, e.g., thrombi. For example, intracranial arteries can become occluded by thromboembolisms. Disruption of blood flow by the occlusion can prevent oxygen and nutrients from being delivered to tissues downstream of the occlusion. Deprivation of oxygen and nutrients to tissue distal to an occlusion can impair proper function of the tissue, and may result in cellular death. Cellular death increases with duration of the occlusion.

SUMMARY

The curvature of a blood vessel within which a medical device for endovascular intervention is being delivered can result in rotation of the medical device as it is moved through the blood vessel. An aspect of at least some of the embodiments disclosed herein involves the recognition that the extent of rotation of an intervention member engaged with a thrombus, relative to a vessel from which the thrombus is being retrieved and about a longitudinal axis of the vessel, can affect the likelihood of successful thrombus retrieval, a risk or extent of damage to a wall of the vessel during thrombus retrieval, or both.

The subject technology is illustrated, for example, according to various aspects described below. Various examples of aspects of the subject technology are described as numbered clauses (1, 2, 3, etc.) for convenience. These are provided as examples and do not limit the subject technology. It is noted that any of the dependent clauses may be combined in any combination, and placed into a respective independent clause, e.g., clause 1, 13, 25, or 38. The other clauses can be presented in a similar manner.

1. A medical device configured to perform an endovascular therapy, the device comprising:

-   -   an elongate manipulation member having a first connection member         proximate a distal end of the elongate manipulation member; and     -   an intervention member having a second connection member, the         second connection member connected to the first connection         member such that the first connection member can rotate relative         to the second connection member within a non-infinite rotation         range without deformation of any of the first connection member         or the second connection member.

2. The medical device of Clause 1, wherein the second connection member is connected to the first connection member such that the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within the non-infinite rotation range of at least 360° without plastic deformation of any of the first connection member or the second connection member.

3. The medical device of Clause 1, wherein the second connection member is connected to the first connection member such that the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within the non-infinite rotation range of at least 360° with neither resistance nor restriction within the medical device apart from friction.

4. The medical device of Clause 1, wherein the first connection member comprises a first loop, and the second connection member comprises a second loop.

5. The medical device of Clause 4, wherein the second connection member is connected to the first connection member by at least a third loop.

6. The medical device of Clause 5, wherein the third loop passes through openings in each of the first and second loops.

7. The medical device of Clause 1, wherein the second connection member is connected to the first connection member by a third connection member.

8. The medical device of Clause 7, wherein the third connection member connects first and second connection members such that the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within the non-infinite rotation range of at least 360° without deformation of the third connection member.

9. The medical device of Clause 1, wherein the first connection member and the elongate manipulation member are integrally formed as a single monolithic component.

10. The medical device of Clause 1, wherein the first connection member is discrete from the elongate manipulation member.

11. The medical device of Clause 1, wherein the second connection member and the intervention member are integrally formed as a single monolithic component.

12. The medical device of Clause 1, wherein the second connection member is discrete from the intervention member.

13. A medical device configured to perform an endovascular therapy, the device comprising:

-   -   an elongate manipulation member having a first connection member         proximate a distal end of the elongate manipulation member; and     -   an intervention member having a second connection member, the         second connection member connected to the first connection         member such that the first connection member can rotate relative         to the second connection member within a non-infinite rotation         range of at least 360° without deformation of any of the first         connection member or the second connection member.

14. The medical device of Clause 13, wherein the second connection member is connected to the first connection member such that the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within the non-infinite rotation range of at least 360° without plastic deformation of any of the first connection member or the second connection member.

15. The medical device of Clause 13, wherein the second connection member is connected to the first connection member such that the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within the non-infinite rotation range of at least 360° with neither resistance nor restriction within the medical device apart from friction.

16. The medical device of Clause 13, wherein the first connection member comprises a first loop, and the second connection member comprises a second loop.

17. The medical device of Clause 16, wherein the second connection member is connected to the first connection member by at least a third loop.

18. The medical device of Clause 17, wherein the third loop passes through openings in each of the first and second loops.

19. The medical device of Clause 13, wherein the second connection member is connected to the first connection member by a third connection member.

20. The medical device of Clause 19, wherein the third connection member connects first and second connection members such that the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within the non-infinite rotation range of at least 360° without deformation of the third connection member.

21. The medical device of Clause 13, wherein the first connection member and the elongate manipulation member are integrally formed as a single monolithic component.

22. The medical device of Clause 13, wherein the first connection member is discrete from the elongate manipulation member.

23. The medical device of Clause 13, wherein the second connection member and the intervention member are integrally formed as a single monolithic component.

24. The medical device of Clause 13, wherein the second connection member is discrete from the intervention member.

25. A medical device for removal of an occlusive thrombus from a blood vessel, the device comprising:

-   -   an elongate manipulation member having a first connection member         proximate a distal end of the elongate manipulation member; and     -   an intervention member having a self-expanding structure and a         second connection member, the self-expanding structure having a         plurality of cells, the self-expanding tubular structure being         compressible to a collapsed configuration for delivery to an         endovascular treatment site through a catheter and being         self-expandable from the collapsed configuration to an expanded         configuration, the plurality of cells sized to penetrate into         and capture thrombus upon expansion to the expanded         configuration, the second connection member connected to the         first connection member such that the first connection member         can rotate relative to the second connection member without         deformation of any of the first connection member or the second         connection member.

26. The medical device of Clause 25, wherein the second connection member is connected to the first connection member such that the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within a non-infinite rotation range without deformation of any of the first connection member or the second connection member.

27. The medical device of Clause 26, wherein the non-infinite rotation range is at least 360°.

28. The medical device of Clause 25, wherein the second connection member is connected to the first connection member such that the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within the non-infinite rotation range without plastic deformation of any of the first connection member or the second connection member.

29. The medical device of Clause 25, wherein the second connection member is connected to the first connection member such that the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within the non-infinite rotation range with neither resistance nor restriction within the medical device apart from friction.

30. The medical device of Clause 25, wherein the first connection member comprises a first loop and the second connection member comprises a second loop.

31. The medical device of Clause 30, wherein the second connection member is connected to the first connection member by at least a third loop.

32. The medical device of Clause 31, wherein the third loop passes through openings in each of the first and second loops.

33. The medical device of Clause 25, wherein the first and second connection members comprise a ball joint.

34. The medical device of Clause 33, wherein the first connection member comprises a ball and the second connection member comprises a socket.

35. The medical device of Clause 25, wherein the first and second connection members comprise a universal joint.

36. The medical device of Clause 25, wherein the second connection member is connected to the first connection member by a third connection member.

37. The medical device of Clause 36, wherein the third connection member connects first and second connection members such that such that the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within the non-infinite rotation range of without deformation of the third connection member.

38. A method for removal of thrombus from a blood vessel, the method comprising:

-   -   delivering a medical device to a treatment site within a blood         vessel radially adjacent a thrombus, the device comprising:         -   an elongate manipulation member comprising a first             connection member proximate a distal end of the elongate             manipulation member; and         -   an intervention member comprising a self-expanding structure             and a second connection member, the self-expanding structure             being compressible to a collapsed configuration for delivery             to an endovascular treatment site through a catheter and             being self-expandable from the collapsed configuration to an             expanded configuration, the second connection member             connected to the first connection member;     -   expanding the device into the thrombus;     -   capturing the thrombus with the self-expanding structure;     -   pulling proximally the elongate manipulation member to retract         the self-expanding structure within the blood vessel while the         first connection member rotates relative to the second         connection member within a rotation range without deformation of         any of the first connection member or the second connection         member.

39. The method of Clause 38, wherein the rotation range is at least 360°.

40. The method of Clause 38, wherein the first connection member rotates relative to the second connection member within the rotation range without plastic deformation of any of the first connection member or the second connection member.

41. The method of Clause 38, wherein the first connection member rotates relative to the second connection member within the rotation range with neither resistance nor restriction within the medical device apart from friction.

42. The method of Clause 38, wherein the first connection member comprises a first loop, and the second connection member comprises a second loop, and wherein the first loop rotates relative to the second loop while pulling proximally the elongate manipulation member to retract the self-expanding structure within the blood vessel.

43. The method of Clause 42, wherein the second connection member is connected to the first connection member by at least a third loop, and wherein the third loop rotates relative to at least one of the first loop and the second loop while pulling proximally the elongate manipulation member to retract the self-expanding structure within the blood vessel.

Additional features and advantages of the subject technology will be set forth in the description below, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the subject technology. The advantages of the subject technology will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the subject technology as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide further understanding of the subject technology and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this description, illustrate aspects of the subject technology and, together with the specification, serve to explain principles of the subject technology.

FIG. 1 illustrates a device, including an intervention member, for blood flow restoration, thrombus removal, or both, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 illustrates an intervention member, according to an embodiment, in an unrolled state.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of overlap configurations of the intervention member of FIG. 2, as viewed from a distal end of the intervention member.

FIGS. 4A-D are schematic illustrations of overlap configurations of the intervention member of FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 illustrates an intervention member in an unrolled state.

FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate embodiments of a connection between an intervention member and a manipulation member that allows relative rotation therebetween.

FIGS. 8 and 9 are schematic enlarged views of the connections of FIGS. 6 and 7, respectively.

FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate embodiments of a connection between an intervention member and a manipulation member that allows relative rotation therebetween.

FIGS. 12 and 13 are schematic enlarged views of the connections of FIGS. 10 and 11, respectively.

FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate alternative embodiments of a connection between an intervention member and a manipulation member that allows relative rotation therebetween.

FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate additional views of the connections of FIGS. 14 and 15, respectively.

FIGS. 18 and 19 illustrate other embodiments of a connection between an intervention member and a manipulation member that allows relative rotation therebetween.

FIGS. 20 and 21 illustrate additional views of the connections of FIGS. 18 and 19, respectively.

FIG. 22 illustrates an embodiment of a connection between an intervention member and a manipulation member that also allows relative rotation therebetween.

FIG. 23 is a schematic enlarged view of the connection of FIG. 22.

FIG. 24 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a connection between an intervention member and a manipulation member that allows relative rotation therebetween.

FIG. 25 is a schematic enlarged view of the connection of FIG. 24.

FIG. 26 illustrates another alternative embodiment of a connection between an intervention member and a manipulation member that allows relative rotation therebetween.

FIG. 27 is a schematic enlarged view of the connection of FIG. 26.

FIGS. 28-37 are cross-sectional views of a vessel and illustrate uses of a device according to some embodiments.

FIG. 38 schematically illustrates a zone of contact between an object and an interior wall of an anatomical vessel as the object travels through the vessel while rotating relative to the vessel.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below is intended as a description of various configurations of the subject technology and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the subject technology may be practiced. The appended drawings are incorporated herein and constitute a part of the detailed description. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the subject technology. However, the subject technology may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the subject technology.

FIG. 1 depicts a medical device 100 according to some embodiments of the subject technology. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the medical device 100 can comprise an intervention member 102 and a manipulation member 104. The intervention member 102 may comprise an expandable member 103. A proximal end portion of the intervention member 102 and a distal end portion of the manipulation member 104 can be joined at a connection 106. The manipulation member 104 can extend through a catheter 107 such that an operator can manipulate the intervention member 102, positioned within and/or distal to a distal end of the catheter 107, using the manipulation member 104 at a location proximal to a proximal end of the catheter 107.

The manipulation member 104 can be elongate. The manipulation member 104 can have a length sufficient to extend from a location outside the patient's body through the vasculature to a treatment site within the patient's body. For example, the manipulation member can have a length of at least 100 cm, at least 130 cm, or at least 150 cm. The manipulation member 104 can be monolithic or formed of multiple joined components. In some embodiments, the manipulation member 104 can comprise a combination of wire(s), coil(s), and/or tube(s). The manipulation member 104 can comprise one or more markers, e.g., comprised of radiopaque material(s) to aid radiographic visualization during manipulation.

The intervention member 102 and the manipulation member 104 can be attached together at the connection 106. In some embodiments, the intervention member 102 and the manipulation member 104 can be substantially permanently attached together at the connection 106. That is, the intervention member 102 and the manipulation member 104 can be attached together in a manner such that, under the expected use conditions of the medical device 100, the endovascular device and the manipulation member would not become separated, whether deliberately or unintentionally, from one another without damage to or destruction of at least a portion of the connection 106. In some embodiments, the intervention member 102 and the manipulation member 104 can be permanently or releasably attached together at the connection 106.

Depending on the procedure and intended use of the medical device 100, it optionally may be advantageous to have a connection mechanism that permits intentional release of the intervention member 102. For example, during a blood flow restoration procedure, it may prove difficult and/or dangerous to fully retrieve a thrombus due to a complicated vasculature or the risk of damaging a lumen wall. Leaving the intervention member 102 inside the patient may prove to be the only option available to a surgeon or other medical personnel, or it may be a goal of the procedure, such as when the intervention member 102 is deployed across an aneurysm (e.g., as an aneurysm bridge to retain coils or other materials in an aneurysm). In other circumstances the intervention member 102 may include drug-eluting capabilities, and/or may be coated with a particular type of drug that facilitates thrombus dissolution. It may be advantageous in such circumstances to release the intervention member 102 and allow the intervention member 102 to anchor the thrombus against the lumen wall while the thrombus is dissolved by the drug. In some embodiments, the medical device 100 can comprise a portion, located proximally or distally of the connection 106, that is configured for selective detachment of the intervention member 102 from the manipulation member 104. For example, such a portion can comprise an electrolytically severable or mechanically detachable segment of the manipulation member. In some embodiments, the medical device 100 can be devoid of any feature that would permit selective detachment of the intervention member 102 from the manipulation member 104.

In some embodiments, the connection 106 is configured to permit rotation of a distal end of the manipulation member 104 relative to a proximal end of the intervention member 102 about an axis parallel to, generally parallel to, or coincident with a portion of a longitudinal axis of the medical device 100, the intervention member 102, the manipulation member 104, or an anatomical vessel. The connection 106 can be configured to permit such relative rotation over an infinite or a non-infinite range of rotation angles and directions. In some embodiments, connection 106 can be configured to permit such relative rotation of at least 360°. In some embodiments, the connection 106 can be configured to permit such relative rotation without deformation of one or both of the intervention member 102 and the manipulation member 104. In some such embodiments, the connection 106 can be configured to permit the relative rotation over the range of rotation angles without plastic deformation of one or both of the intervention member 102 and the manipulation member 104. In some embodiments, the connection 106 can be configured to permit the relative rotation without one or both of resistance and restriction within the medical device 100, apart from friction.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing one embodiment of the intervention member 102 in an unrolled state to facilitate description and understanding. As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3, the intervention member 102 can have a tubular or generally cylindrical shape in absence of external forces in some embodiments. The intervention member 102 can be self-expanding, e.g. by super-elasticity or shape memory, or expandable in response to forces applied on the expandable member, e.g. by a balloon.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the intervention member 102 can comprise a frame 108 having a proximal end 110 and a distal end 112. The frame can comprise a plurality of struts 114 and a plurality of cells 116 forming a mesh. Groups of longitudinally and serially interconnected struts 114 can form undulating members 118 that extend in a generally longitudinal direction. The struts 114 can be connected to each other by joints 120. While the struts are shown having a particular undulating or sinuous configurations, in some embodiments the struts can have other configurations. The frame can have a generally tubular or generally cylindrical shape with one or both of the proximal end 110 and the distal end 112 being open. In some embodiments, the frame can have a shape that is neither tubular nor cylindrical.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, a proximal portion 122 of the intervention member 102 can be tapered toward the proximal end 110. In some embodiments, the taper of the proximal portion can advantageously facilitate retraction and repositioning of the medical device 100 and intervention member 102. In some embodiments, the tapered proximal portion can also be designed to generally not contact the vessel wall during a blood flow restoration procedure, and to generally not interfere with the flow of blood within a vessel.

Individual cells of the proximal portion 122 can have different sizes than individual cells located distal to the tapered proximal portion. For example, in some embodiments, the proximal portion 122 can have individual cells that have a size larger than that of the individual cells located distal to the tapered proximal portion. The proximal portion 122 can taper gradually towards the connection 106.

The taper of proximal portion 122 can be at various angles relative to the manipulation member 104 or the longitudinal axis of the intervention member 102. For example, in some embodiments, the taper can have an angle of approximately 45 degrees relative to the manipulation member, though other angles are also possible, and within the scope of the present disclosure.

The intervention member 102 can comprise a first edge 124 and a second edge 126. The first edge 124 and second edge 126 can be formed, for example, from cutting a sheet or a tube. While the first and second edges are shown as having an undulating, or sinuous configuration, in some embodiments the first and second edges can have a straight, or linear configuration, or other configuration. In some embodiments, the edges 124, 126 can be curved, straight, or a combination thereof along the tapered proximal portion 122.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4A-D, the intervention member 102 in some embodiments can be curled, rolled, or otherwise formed such that first edge 124 and second edge 126 overlap one another when the intervention member 102 is in a volume-reduced form. In a volume-reduced form, the frame 108 of the intervention member 102 can overlap to facilitate introduction of the intervention member 102 into and through the catheter 107. In some embodiments, the intervention member 102 is circumferentially continuous (e.g., forming a continuous cylindrical shape), lacking first and second edges 124, 126 and having no overlap or gap in a volume-reduced form and expanded form. Regardless of whether the expandable member is circumferentially continuous, the intervention member 102 can have a central longitudinal axis both while in a volume-reduced form and when fully or partially expanded. In some embodiments, the intervention member 102 can be self-expandable, and can expand toward a fully expanded configuration upon release from the catheter 107. Upon expansion, the intervention member 102 can expand towards an inner wall of a vessel, towards an occlusive or partially-occlusive thrombus within a vessel, or both.

FIGS. 3 and 4A-4D illustrate various amounts of overlap of the frame 108 of the intervention member 102. The extent of any overlap of the frame 108 can depend upon a degree of the frame's expansion. Expansion within a vessel can be limited, at least in part, by the vessel's size, and the amount and the properties of any thrombus present. For example, a greater overlap of the edges 124, 126 can occur in narrower vessels, whereas in wider vessels the overlap can be smaller, or even an “underlap” may occur, in which case the edges 124 and 126 are separated by an open gap or space within the vessel.

With continued reference to FIGS. 3 and 4A-D, embodiments of the intervention member 102 can experience various degrees of overlap in a volume-reduced form, forming zones of overlap 128. The intervention member 102 can assume various diameters Δ₁, Δ₂, etc., depending on the degree of the overlap (e.g. represented by angle α₁, α₂, etc.). As illustrated in FIGS. 4A-D, the overlap zones 128 can vary in size and configuration depending on the vessel size. When inside a vessel, the overlap zone of the intervention member 102 can advantageously provide grip and/or retaining ability with respect to a thrombus. For example, when the intervention member 102 expands against a thrombus, the individual struts 114 and individual cells 116 of the overlap zone can embed into and grip, or retain, the thrombus. Alternatively, the intervention member 102 can be constructed without any overlap or edges 124, 126, e.g. as a continuous tubelike or cylindrical member.

Upon intervention member 102 expansion into an expanded configuration, the individual cells 116 can be sized to penetrate into a thrombus, capture a thrombus, or both. In some embodiments, the intervention member 102 can capture the thrombus with the individual cells 116 and/or with an exterior, or radial exterior, of the expanded intervention member 102. Further, in other embodiments, the intervention member 102 may capture or engage with a portion of the thrombus with individual cells 116 and/or an exterior, or radial exterior, of the expanded intervention member 102.

The intervention member 102 can be manufactured in various lengths and relaxed-state diameters. In some embodiments, the intervention member 102 can have lengths, measured proximally to distally along the longitudinal axis, of 15 mm or less to 40 mm or more, though other ranges and sizes are also possible. The intervention member 102 can also have relaxed-state diameters, the diameters being measured when the intervention member 102 is fully free to expand, i.e., in absence of external forces. In some embodiments, the intervention member 102 can have a diameter of approximately 3 mm to 4 mm so as to be used in size 18 microcatheters (i.e. microcatheters with an inner diameter of approximately 0.21 inch). In some embodiments the intervention member 102 can have a diameter of approximately 5 mm to 6 mm so as to be used in size 27 microcatheters (i.e. microcatheters with an inner diameter of approximately 0.027 inch). Other ranges and values are also possible.

Each cell 116 of the intervention member 102 can have a maximum length (labeled “L” in FIG. 2), as measured along a longitudinal axis of the intervention member 102, and a maximum width W, as measured along a direction generally perpendicular to the length (labeled “W” in FIG. 2). In some embodiments, cell size and dimensions can vary, as can the individual filament thicknesses and widths.

Further details regarding intervention members 102 and manipulation members 104, as well as other types of intervention members 102, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,300,458, entitled Medical Implant Having a Curable Matrix Structure, issued Nov. 27, 2007; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0060212, entitled Methods and Apparatus for Flow Restoration, published on Mar. 10, 2011; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0083868, entitled Methods and Apparatuses for Flow Restoration and Implanting Members in the Human Body, published on Apr. 5, 2012; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0160763, entitled Blood Flow Restoration in Thrombus Management Methods, published on Jun. 30, 2011; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0194919, entitled Connection of an Endovascular Intervention Device to a Manipulation Member, published on Jul. 10, 2014; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0194911, entitled Connection of a Manipulation Member, Including a Bend without Substantial Surface Cracks, to an Endovascular Intervention Device, published on Jul. 10, 2014; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0080937, entitled Endovascular Device Engagement, published on Mar. 19, 2015; and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0133990, entitled Galvanically Assisted Attachment of Medical Devices to Thrombus, published on May 14, 2015; the entirety of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of the intervention member 102 having a pattern 130 of cells 116 of substantially uniform dimensions and struts 114 of substantially uniform dimensions.

FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment wherein the connection 106 comprises a first connection member 136 and a second connection member 140. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the manipulation member 104 can have the distal manipulation member end 134, and the distal manipulation member end portion 134 can have the first connection member 136. In some embodiments, the distal manipulation member end portion 134 can comprise the first connection member 136 and, in other embodiments, the first connection member 136 can be attached to the distal manipulation member end portion 134. As further illustrated in FIG. 6, the intervention member 102 can have a proximal intervention member end portion 138, and the proximal intervention member end portion 138 can have the second connection member 140. In some embodiments, the proximal intervention member end portion 138 can comprise the second connection member 140 and, in other embodiments, the second connection member 140 can be attached to the proximal intervention member end portion 138.

The first connection member 136 and the manipulation member 104 can be integrally formed as a single monolithic component. In other embodiments, the first connection member 136 and the manipulation member 104 can be formed as discrete elements, and subsequently connected to each other. Similarly, the second connection member 140 and the intervention member 102 can be integrally formed as a single monolithic component. In other embodiments, the second connection member 140 and the intervention member 102 can be formed as discrete elements, and subsequently connected to each other.

The first connection member 136 and the second connection member 140 can be connected, directly or indirectly. In some embodiments, the first connection member 136 can rotate relative to the second connection member 140 (or vice versa, or both) about an axis parallel to, generally parallel to, or coincident with a portion of a longitudinal axis of the medical device 100, the intervention member 102, the manipulation member 104, or an anatomical vessel. Such relative rotation can be enabled over an infinite or a non-infinite range. In some embodiments, the connection 106 can be configured to permit such relative rotation of at least 360°. In some embodiments, the first connection member 136 and the second connection member 140 can relatively rotate without deformation of one or both of the first connection member 136 and the second connection member 140. In some embodiments, the first connection member 136 and the second connection member 140 can relatively rotate without plastic deformation of one or both of the first connection member 136 and the second connection member 140. In some embodiments, the first connection member 136 and the second connection member 140 can relatively rotate without one or both of resistance and restriction within the medical device 100, e.g., between the first connection member 136 and the second connection member 140, apart from friction.

The first connection member 136 can comprise a first loop 142 and the second connection member 140 can comprise a second loop 144, as illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 6 and 8. The first loop 142 and the second loop 144 can each be continuous and closed. The first loop 142 and the second loop 144 can comprise a variety of shapes, such as, for example, circular, oval, teardrop, or polygonal, and optionally be formed as a generally rigid hoop or ring having any such shape. In some embodiments, the first loop 142 can have the same shape as has the second loop 144. In some embodiments, the first loop 142 can have a different shape than has the second loop 144. In some embodiments, such as the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 8, the first loop 142 and the second loop 144 can be circular or substantially or nominally circular in shape. In some embodiments, the first loop 142 and the second loop 144 can comprise various alloys, metals and/or composite materials. In some embodiments, the first loop 142 and the second loop 144 can be rigid, e.g., more rigid than a loop formed by a thin polymer filament.

The first loop 142 can pass through an opening in the second loop 144 to directly interlink the first loop with the second loop, for example in the manner of links in a chain. In some embodiments, the first connection member 136 can be connected to the second connection member 140 by a third connection member 146, as illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 7 and 9. The third connection member 146 can comprise a third loop 147. The third connection member 146 can pass through an opening in each of the first loop 143 and the second loop 144 to directly interlink with each of the first loop with the second loop, for example in the manner of links in a chain. The third connection member 146 can be substantially circular in shape, as illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 7 and 9. The third connection member 146 can comprise a variety of shapes, such as, for example, circular, oval, teardrop, or polygonal, and optionally be formed as a generally rigid hoop or ring having any such shape. In some embodiments, the third connection member 146 can have the same shape as has one or both of the first connection member 136 and the second connection member 140. In some embodiments, the third connection member 146 can have a different shape than had by either of the first connection member 136 and the second connection member 140.

In some embodiments, the third connection member 146 can connect to the first connection member 136 and second connection member 140 such that the first connection member 136 can rotate relative to the second connection member 140 about an axis parallel to, generally parallel to, or coincident with a portion of a longitudinal axis of the medical device 100, the intervention member 102, the manipulation member 104, or an anatomical vessel. In some embodiments where the third connection member 146 connects to the first connection member 136 and second connection member 140 such that the first connection member 136 can rotate relative to the second connection member 140, the first connection member 136 can rotate relative to the second connection member 140 about the rotation axis over an infinite or a non-infinite range. In some embodiments, the third connection member 146 connects to the first connection member 136 and second connection member 140 such that the first connection member 136 can rotate relative to the second connection member 140 about the rotation axis over a range of angles of at least 360°, at least 540°, or at least 720°.

In some embodiments where the third connection member 146 connects to the first connection member 136 and second connection member 140 such that the first connection member 136 can rotate relative to the second connection member 140, the third connection member 146 permits the first connection member 136 to rotate relative to the second connection member 140 without deformation of one or both of the first connection member 136 and the second connection member 140. In some such embodiments, the first connection member 136 and the second connection member 140 can rotate relative to each other without plastic deformation of some or all of the first connection member 136, the second connection member 140, and the third connection member 136. In some embodiments, the first connection member 136 and the second connection member 140 can relatively rotate without one or both of resistance and restriction within the medical device 100 (e.g., between some or all of the first connection member 136, the second connection member 140, and the third connection member 136) apart from friction. In some embodiments, the first connection member 136 and the second connection member 140 can rotate relative to each other without deformation of the third connection member 146, and/or without plastic deformation of the third connection member 146.

As illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 10 and 12, the first loop 142 and the second loop 144 can be substantially ovular in shape, and the first loop 142 can pass through an opening in and interlink with the second loop 144. As illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 11 and 13, the third connection member 146 can also be substantially ovular in shape, and can pass through openings in and interlink with the first connection member 136 and second connection member 140.

As illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 14 and 16, the first loop 142 and the second loop 144 can be have a shape comprising a arcuate section and a straight or substantially straight section joined by corners rounded to avoid damage to a biological vessel during use. In some embodiments, one of the first loop 142 and second loop 144 can have a shape comprising a substantially arcuate section and a substantially straight section, while the other of the first loop 142 and second loop 144 has a different shape. As illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 16, each of the first loop 142 and the second loop 144 can be arranged such that their arcuate portions are distal to each other while their substantially straight sections are proximal to each other. Alternatively, as illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 17, the first loop 142 and the second loop 144 can be arranged such that the arcuate portion of the first loop 142 is proximal to the straight section of the second loop 144.

As illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 18 and 20, the first loop 142 and the second loop 144 can have a triangular or substantially triangular shape with corners rounded to avoid damage to a biological vessel during use. In some embodiments, each of the first loop 142 and the second loop 144 can have any polygonal shape with rounded corners. More specifically, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 18 and 20, each of the first loop 142 and the second loop 144 can comprise three substantially straight sections joined by three substantially angled or rounded sections or corners. In some embodiments, one of the first loop 142 and second loop 144 can have a triangular or substantially triangular shape, while the other of the first loop 142 and second loop 144 can have a different shape. As illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 20, each of the first loop 142 and the second loop 144 can be arranged such that one of the substantially angled or rounded sections of each loop are distal to each other while one of the substantially straight sections of each loop are proximal to each other. Alternatively, as illustrated in FIGS. 19 and 21, the first loop 142 and the second loop 144 can be arranged such that a substantially angled or rounded section of the first loop 142 is proximal to a straight section of the second loop 144.

As illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 22 and 23, the first connection member 136 can comprise a ball and the second connection member 140 can comprise a socket. Alternatively, the first connection member 136 can comprise a socket and the second connection member 140 can comprise a ball.

As illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 24 and 25, the connection 106 can comprise a universal joint. As illustrated in FIG. 24, the first connection member 136 can be a first universal joint element 150 and the second connection member 140 can be a second universal joint element 152.

As illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 26 and 27, the connection 106 can comprise a filament 139 joined to each of and disposed between the manipulation member 104 and the intervention member 102. In some embodiments, the filament 139 can be devoid of any coil. In some embodiments, the filament 139 can be torquable about a longitudinal axis L and/or bendable about an axis P normal to the longitudinal axis L.

Methods for engaging and removing a thrombus 162 will now be discussed with reference to FIGS. 28-37. Referring to FIG. 28, the medical device 100 may be inserted into an anatomical vessel 172 by first inserting a guide wire 174 into the anatomical vessel 172. The inserted medical device 100 can be any embodiment of the medical device 100 disclosed herein, including any of the intervention members 102, elongate members 104, or connections 106. The guide wire 174 can be advanced through a guide catheter 164 (see FIG. 35), which optionally includes a balloon near the guide catheter's distal end, and a catheter 107 to the treatment site, adjacent the thrombus 162. Referring to FIG. 29, the guide wire 174 is advanced distally through the thrombus 162. Once the guide wire 174 is in position, the catheter 107 is advanced over the guide wire 174, through a distal end of the guide catheter, into the anatomical vessel 172. Referring to FIG. 30, the catheter 107 is advanced distally through the thrombus 162. The guide wire 174 is then withdrawn proximally.

Referring to FIG. 31, the medical device 100 is advanced through the catheter 107 such that the distal end 112 of the medical device 100 is disposed distal of the thrombus 162 in the anatomical vessel 172. The medical device 100 is advanced through the catheter 107 by the manipulation member 104 coupled to the proximal end of the intervention member 102. The catheter 107 compresses the intervention member 102 and thus, maintains the intervention member 102 in a compressed, volume-reduced configuration as the intervention member 102 is advanced to the treatment site.

Referring to FIGS. 32 and 33, the catheter 107 is withdrawn proximally relative to the intervention member 102 to expose the intervention member 102. If the intervention member 102 is self-expanding, retraction of the catheter 107 can permit the intervention member 102 to expand. The frame 108 expands against a length of the thrombus 162 and engages the thrombus 162. As discussed above, the frame 108 is configured to engage and remove thrombi. A period of time can be allowed to pass to allow blood to reperfuse the downstream area (if and/or when blood flow passing the thrombus is reestablished by the expanding intervention member creating a flow path through the thrombus), the intervention member 102 to penetrate the thrombus 162, or both.

Referring to FIGS. 34 and 35, the intervention member 102 can be withdrawn proximally, along with the thrombus 162. As illustrated in FIG. 35, the intervention member 102 can be withdrawn proximally, along with the thrombus 162, into the guide catheter 164. In some embodiments, as the intervention member 102 is withdrawn proximally, the first connection member 136 can rotate relative to the second connection member 140 about an axis parallel to, generally parallel to, or coincident with a portion of a longitudinal axis of the medical device 100, the intervention member 102, the manipulation member 104, or an anatomical vessel. As the distal manipulation member end portion 134 can have the first connection member 136 and the proximal intervention member end portion 138 can have the second connection member 140, the manipulation member 104 and the intervention member 102 can also rotate relative to each other, in some embodiments. Instead of or in addition to the ability of the manipulation member 104 and the intervention member 102 to rotate relative to each other, the catheter 107 and the intervention member 102 can rotate relative to one another by virtue of the connection 106.

In some embodiments, as the intervention member 102 is withdrawn a distance, the distal manipulation member end portion 134 may translate and rotate relative to the anatomical vessel 172 about an axis parallel to, generally parallel to, or coincident with a portion of a longitudinal axis of the medical device 100, the intervention member 102, the manipulation member 104, or an anatomical vessel while the intervention member 102 translates (e.g., moves proximally along the vessel 172) and does not rotate, or rotates less than does the distal manipulation member end portion 134, relative to the anatomical vessel 172, as illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 33 and 34. A difference in the extent of rotation of the intervention member 102 compared to that of the distal manipulation member end portion 134, relative to the anatomical vessel 172, is enabled by relative rotation between the intervention member 102 and the manipulation member 104. Such relative rotation between the intervention member 102 and the manipulation member 104 may continue as the medical device 100 is withdrawn through the anatomical vessel 172. In some embodiments, the proximal end of intervention member 102 and the distal end of the manipulation member 104 can rotate relative to each other by at least 360°, at least 540°, or at least 720°.

Accordingly, any rotation of the manipulation member 104 (or the end portion 134 thereof), and/or the catheter 107, that occurs during retraction of the deployed/expanded intervention member 102 and/or catheter 107 along the vessel 172 is not transferred to the intervention member 102 (or only a reduced portion of such rotation is transferred to the intervention member 102). It has been found that advancement of an elongate member such as the manipulation member 104 and/or catheter 107 into tortuous vasculature can cause it to twist, and retracting the elongate member from such tortuous vasculature can cause it to un-twist, resulting in rotation during retraction. By reducing or preventing rotation of the intervention member 102 as it is withdrawn, the connection 106 can help reduce trauma to the vessel 172 as a result of a procedure performed with the medical device 100. Advantageously, the connection 106 helps reduce trauma in this manner regardless of whether the source of rotation during retraction is the manipulation member 104, the catheter 107, or a combination of the two.

The relative rotation between the intervention member 102 and the manipulation member 104 can continue until a limit of relative rotation is reached, in embodiments where an upper limit of relative rotation exists. In some embodiments, the proximal end of intervention member 102 and the distal end of the manipulation member 104 can rotate no more than 360°, no more than 540°, no more than 720°, or no more than 1080°. In embodiments where no upper limit of relative rotation exists, the intervention member 102 and the manipulation member 104 may relatively rotate indefinitely as the medical device 100 is withdrawn.

Referring to FIGS. 35 and 36, in embodiments wherein the guide catheter 164 comprises a balloon 168, the balloon optionally can be inflated to occlude flow during retraction of the thrombus 162 toward the guide catheter. In some embodiments, an aspiration syringe 170 can be attached to the guide catheter 164, and aspiration can be applied to aid thrombus retrieval.

Referring to FIG. 35, the intervention member 102 is withdrawn proximally to the guide catheter 164. The guide catheter 164 causes the frame 108 to collapse, with the thrombus 162 engaged therein. The thrombus 162 is thus retrieved and removed from the anatomical vessel 172. Referring to FIG. 37, if retrieval of the intervention member 102 is determined to be undesirable, e.g., to avoid damaging the vessel 172, and the intervention member 102 is detachably or releasably connected to the manipulation member 104, the intervention member 102 can be detached from the manipulation member 104 and can remain in the vessel 172.

Additionally, while the intervention member 102 described above has been described in the context of use during a blood flow restoration procedure, the intervention member 102 can also, or alternatively, be used as an implantable member (e.g. stent). For example, the intervention member 102 can be released through the connection 106 at a stenosis, aneurysm, or other appropriate location in a vessel. The intervention member 102 can expand and engage a vessel wall so as to hold the vessel wall open and/or act as an occluding member. While the filament thicknesses, widths, cell sizes, and forces described above can be optimized for an intervention member 102 for flow restoration, these values can also be optimized for an intervention member 102 for use as an implantable member. In some embodiments the same values can be used for both flow restoration and use as an implantable member.

FIG. 38 illustrates an area of contact 180 between a surface of an object and a vessel wall while translating through an anatomical vessel 172 and continuously rotating relative thereto about an axis parallel to, generally parallel to, or coincident with a portion of a longitudinal axis of the medical device 100, the intervention member 102, the manipulation member 104, or an anatomical vessel while in contact with the vessel wall. As a rate of rotation of the object per unit distance of translation increases, the area of contact 180 also increases. As the area of contact increases, a risk and extent of damage to the vessel wall can increase, and a risk of disengagement of some or all of an engaged thrombus can increase. The potential for and extent of rotation of a distal end of the manipulation member 104 can be greater in tortuous vessels, such as those of the neurovasculature. In some embodiments, relative rotation between the first connection member 136 and second connection member 140, or between a distal end of the manipulation member 104 (and/or a distal end of the catheter 107) and a proximal end of the intervention member 102, can (i) diminish a risk of the intervention member 102 losing engagement with, or hold upon, some or all of the thrombus 162, (ii) can reduce a risk or extent of damage to an interior wall of an anatomical vessel 172 during the thrombus retrieval, or (iii) both (i) and (ii).

The foregoing description is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to practice the various configurations described herein. While the subject technology has been particularly described with reference to the various figures and configurations, it should be understood that these are for illustration purposes only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the subject technology.

There may be many other ways to implement the subject technology. Various functions and elements described herein may be partitioned differently from those shown without departing from the scope of the subject technology. Various modifications to these configurations will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and generic principles defined herein may be applied to other configurations. Thus, many changes and modifications may be made to the subject technology, by one having ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the scope of the subject technology.

It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes disclosed is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged. Some of the steps may be performed simultaneously. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” preceding a series of items, with the term “and” or “or” to separate any of the items, modifies the list as a whole, rather than each member of the list (i.e., each item). The phrase “at least one of” does not require selection of at least one of each item listed; rather, the phrase allows a meaning that includes at least one of any one of the items, and/or at least one of any combination of the items, and/or at least one of each of the items. By way of example, the phrases “at least one of A, B, and C” or “at least one of A, B, or C” each refer to only A, only B, or only C; any combination of A, B, and C; and/or at least one of each of A, B, and C.

A phrase such as “an aspect” does not imply that such aspect is essential to the subject technology or that such aspect applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an aspect may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. An aspect may provide one or more examples of the disclosure. A phrase such as “an aspect” may refer to one or more aspects and vice versa. A phrase such as “an embodiment” does not imply that such embodiment is essential to the subject technology or that such embodiment applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an embodiment may apply to all embodiments, or one or more embodiments. An embodiment may provide one or more examples of the disclosure. A phrase such “an embodiment” may refer to one or more embodiments and vice versa. A phrase such as “a configuration” does not imply that such configuration is essential to the subject technology or that such configuration applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to a configuration may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. A configuration may provide one or more examples of the disclosure. A phrase such as “a configuration” may refer to one or more configurations and vice versa.

Terms such as “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “rear” and the like as used in this disclosure should be understood as referring to an arbitrary frame of reference, rather than to the ordinary gravitational frame of reference. Thus, a top surface, a bottom surface, a front surface, and a rear surface may extend upwardly, downwardly, diagonally, or horizontally in a gravitational frame of reference.

Furthermore, to the extent that the term “include,” “have,” or the like is used in the description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprise” as “comprise” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.

The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

A reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically stated, but rather “one or more.” Pronouns in the masculine (e.g., his) include the feminine and neuter gender (e.g., her and its) and vice versa. The term “some” refers to one or more. Underlined and/or italicized headings and subheadings are used for convenience only, do not limit the subject technology, and are not referred to in connection with the interpretation of the description of the subject technology. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various configurations described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and intended to be encompassed by the subject technology. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the above description.

While certain aspects and embodiments of the subject technology have been described, these have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the subject technology. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms without departing from the spirit thereof. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the subject technology. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A medical device configured to perform an endovascular therapy, the device comprising: an elongate manipulation member having a first connection member proximate a distal end of the elongate manipulation member; an intervention member having a second connection member; and a third connection member connected to the first connection member and the second connection member such that the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within a non-infinite rotation range of at least 180° without deformation of any of the first connection member, the second connection member, or the third connection member, wherein the first connection member comprises a first loop, the second connection member comprises a second loop, and the third connection member comprises a third loop substantially permanently interlinked with the first loop and the second loop, wherein the first loop, the second loop, and the third loop comprise rigid materials, and wherein the intervention member is expandable to an expanded diameter that is greater than a maximum diameter of the elongate manipulation member.
 2. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within the non-infinite rotation range without plastic deformation of any of the first connection member or the second connection member.
 3. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within the non-infinite rotation range with neither resistance nor restriction within the medical device apart from friction.
 4. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the first connection member and the elongate manipulation member are integrally formed as a single monolithic component.
 5. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the first connection member is discrete from the elongate manipulation member.
 6. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the second connection member and the intervention member are integrally formed as a single monolithic component.
 7. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the second connection member is discrete from the intervention member.
 8. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the medical device is devoid of any feature that would permit selective detachment of the intervention member from the manipulation member.
 9. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the elongate manipulation member has a length of at least 100 cm.
 10. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the first loop has a different shape than the second loop.
 11. The medical device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first loop or the second loop comprises (a) an arcuate section and a substantially straight section, or (b) a substantially triangular shape.
 12. A medical device for removal of an occlusive thrombus from a blood vessel, the device comprising: an elongate manipulation member having a first connection member proximate a distal end of the elongate manipulation member; and an intervention member having a self-expanding structure and a second connection member, the self-expanding structure having a plurality of cells, the self-expanding structure being compressible to a collapsed configuration for delivery to an endovascular treatment site through a catheter and being self-expandable from the collapsed configuration to an expanded configuration, the plurality of cells sized to penetrate into and capture thrombus upon expansion to the expanded configuration; and a third connection member connected to the first connection member and the second connection member such that the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member without deformation of any of the first connection member, the second connection member, or the third connection member, wherein the first connection member comprises a first loop, the second connection member comprises a second loop, and the third connection member comprises a third loop substantially permanently interlinked with the first loop and the second loop, wherein the first loop, then second loop, and the third loop comprising rigid materials, and wherein in the expanded configuration, the intervention member has a diameter than is greater than a maximum diameter of the elongate manipulation member.
 13. The medical device of claim 12, wherein the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within a non-infinite rotation range without deformation of any of the first connection member or the second connection member.
 14. The medical device of claim 13, wherein the non-infinite rotation range is at least 180°.
 15. The medical device of claim 12, wherein the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within the non-infinite rotation range without plastic deformation of any of the first connection member or the second connection member.
 16. The medical device of claim 12, wherein the first connection member can rotate relative to the second connection member within the non-infinite rotation range with neither resistance nor restriction within the medical device apart from friction.
 17. The medical device of claim 12, wherein the medical device is devoid of any feature that would permit selective detachment of the intervention member from the manipulation member.
 18. The medical device of claim 12, wherein the elongate manipulation member has a length of at least 100 cm.
 19. The medical device of claim 12, wherein the first loop has a different shape than the second loop.
 20. The medical device of claim 12, wherein at least one of the first loop or the second loop comprises (a) an arcuate section and a substantially straight section, or (b) a substantially triangular shape. 